[69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". By Joyce Lee Malcolm. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). [71], By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations and strengths, as well as the locations of supply depots, all the while negotiating over compensation. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. Early in May he made secret overtures to British headquarters, and a year later he informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Arnold was rebuffed by Congress and by local authorities in requests for security details for himself and his in-laws. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. Benedict Arnold Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. When Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been caught and that . Arnold was made a brigadier general in the British army. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. We largely don't even know who he is. He was extremely unpopular there and returned to London permanently in 1791, where he died ten years later. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. This was the last straw. Wilson believes that the explanation most consistent with the available documentation is that Sage was either the result of a liaison before Arnold left England or that he was Arnold's grandson by one of his older children. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. Things Trump will never be. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. Corrections? His chaplain Rev. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. Arnold and Wemyss faced similar situations but created different legaciesWemyss "served with distinction during the war" but became a footnote in history; Arnold lost the respect of people on all sides of the Revolution and his name became synonymously linked to treason. In the later part of the conflict, Arnold was commissioned as a brigadier general in the British Army, and placed in command of the American Legion. [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. His first name was actually Enoch. Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. 2. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. John Andr was executed for spying. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. 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